SUMMARY:
Every summer, millions of birds flock to the Arctic Circle to find mates and raise their young. In a study published in 2025, paleontologists found evidence of the earliest known Arctic breeding colony from fossils uncovered in northern Alaska. The site dates back nearly 73 million years, when many prehistoric predecessors to modern birds still had teeth, including the gull-like ichthyornitheans and the flightless, loon-like hesperornitheans. These were among several types of ancient avians preserved as both adults and hatchlings, which suggests the site was used for nesting. Just like today, these birds were likely taking advantage of the abundant food provided by the 24-hours of summer daylight.
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